Each October 31st, Lutherans and other Protestant Christians celebrate the "Reformation," marking the publication of Martin Luther’s 95 Theses on October 31, 1517 as a beginning of this momentous period of church reform and societal change. To better understand the fascinating history of the Lutheran Church and Protestant Christianity, the following timeline notes major events in the Reformation and the year in which they occurred. Have a blessed Reformation Day as you give thanks for the Reformation’s primary message: the clear, biblical Gospel that we are saved by God’s grace through faith in Jesus Christ alone!
1436 – John Gutenberg invents the movable-type printing press, enabling the Bible and other Christian literature to be mass produced
1483 – Martin Luther born in Eisleben, Germany
1505 – Luther survives a severe thunderstorm, vows to become a monk, and enters the Augustinian monastery at Erfurt, Germany
1507 – Luther becomes a priest at Erfurt, Germany
1511 – Luther becomes a theology professor at University of Wittenberg; lectures on Psalms, Romans, and Galatians over the following years
1517 – Pope Leo X issues an indulgence for construction of St. Peter’s Basilica at Rome; on October 31, 1517, Luther publishes 95 Theses to debate the sale of indulgences and other false teachings and practices in the Roman Catholic Church
1518 – Luther ordered to recant his 95 theses, which he refuses to do
1521 – Luther appears at a Diet (imperial meeting) at Worms, Germany; he again refuses to recant and is declared an outlaw; Luther is hidden by his supporters at the Wartburg Castle for 11 months, while there he translates the New Testament into German
1525 – Luther (no longer a monk) marries escaped nun, Katharina von Bora
1525 – William Tyndale visits Luther at Wittenberg and uses Luther’s German Bible as inspiration for his English translation of New Testament (which was printed in Germany and smuggled into England)
1527 – plague strikes Wittenberg; Luther writes his hymn “A Mighty Fortress”
1529 – Lutheran representatives at the Diet of Speyer formerly protest against several Roman Catholic teachings, leading to the label “Protestant”
1529 – Luther publishes his Large and Small Catechisms
1530 – at the Diet of Augsburg, Luther’s colleague, Philipp Melanchthon, confesses Lutheran doctrine as the Augsburg Confession; even before the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, German Lutheran princes refuse to back down on their Protestant faith
1545 – Council of Trent begins as part of the “Counter-Reformation” which demarcated Roman Catholic teachings over against Lutheran and other Protestant beliefs (the Council of Trent concluded in 1563)
1546 – Luther dies at Eisleben, Germany
1576-1577 – the Formula of Concord is written, further clarifying Lutheran doctrine
1580 – the Book of Concord (containing Luther’s Catechisms, the Augsburg Confession, the Formula of Concord, and other Lutheran confessional documents) is published on the 50th anniversary of the presentation of the Augsburg Confession
Want to learn more about the Reformation and its significance for today? Visit lutheranreformation.org.